Ok so you have a lot going on here and a bit too much information I would stick with a simple structure of: You have 2 physical interfaces, WAN/LAN and a few VLANs. Their function, we don't really care for the sake of troubleshooting.One question I saw was that you had a rule with: LAN -> Anywhere that when you changed from LAN-> InsertVLANnamehere, you lose access to the internet.This is exactly what should happen as you removed the LAN's ability to leave the firewall. You essentially stated that the LAN network can only communicate with the other VLAN network and NOTHING else.You'd have to add another rule below that with a LAN -> Anywhere/Firewall rule to get back out.If you need video pointers, you can search youtube for both PFsense or OPN sense firewall rules and they would be applicable here. They operate almost identically (forced default rules are different, but not applicable here).
Maybe start with a simpler network then...