Messages

1

General Discussion / Re: [VLANs] Network segmentation with 6-port OPNsense box and no switch

« on: July 31, 2024, 10:28:04 am »

Don't do this - tagged and untagged on the same port - in OPNsense. It leads to unexpected and "interesting" failure scenarios, e.g. DHCP server on untagged also answering for your tagged VLANs etc.

Oh, I did not expect that, thanks for the heads-up.

Anyway, it was an interesting experience learning all this. I've decided to bite the bullet and bought a 2.5Gb switch (MikroTik CRS310-8G+2S+IN). Should arrive in a few days, and let's see where it takes me.

Thanks for your replies, guys, appreciate it.

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General Discussion / Re: [VLANs] Network segmentation with 6-port OPNsense box and no switch

« on: July 31, 2024, 10:21:36 am »

@Patrick M. Hausen 5 different networks.

1) NSFW Net ( 5 devices, some wired some wireless + wireless guests)
2) Management net (4 devices)
3) Server net (1 physical device, lots of VMs)
4) DMZ (1 physical device, lots of VMs)
5) IoT (wired smart tv, wireless devices connects through microtik)

I know i could just assign each different Ethernet port each own subnet without diving to VLANs at all. And probably with Server Net and DMZ i should've gone this route coz for now i have only 1 physical server with dual 2.5Gb NIC in it.

As for amount of devices - most of them wireless and don't need high bandwidth, that's where my old microtik router comes in. It has wireless adapter and 4 100Mb eth ports. And it is the reason why i turned to VLANs. Coz most of devices will connect through that microtik and need to be assigned to different networks.

And plus I'd like to have management interfaces for some VMs, network equipment sitting on it's own isolated network.

Hence vlans.

3

General Discussion / Re: [VLANs] Network segmentation with 6-port OPNsense box and no switch

« on: July 31, 2024, 10:01:00 am »

Well, I've mostly figured this stuff out.

@cookiemonster - OPNsense can act as a switch, but a slow one coz instead of dedicated chip it will use CPU. It is not recomended, but it is possible. As for tagged and untagged ports... I've found that if VLAN interfaces a belong to a bridge (e.g. bridge0 in my case), and network is configured on the bridge itself you can mark certain physical as untagged by assigning the parent interface to that bridge.

See the second diagram:
Again, bridge0 as an example: bridge0 connects all interfaces of VLAN 10 subnet, physical interface is igc5, VLAN interface for VLAN 10 under parent igc5 - vlan0.5.10.
If i need any device unaware of VLANs connect to VLAN 10th subnet, i remove vlan0.5.10 from the bridge, and add igc5 to a bridge. So there we have igc5 as an access port.
If I leave things as they were - where igc5 is enabled, but not configured (IPv4 config = none) and vlan0.5.10 is a part of bridge0 - any plugged device will not get any IP address from DHCP unless said device is VLAN-aware and configured to VLAN 10.

If we need to add another VLAN to the mix: create VLAN interface for VLAN 20 with igc5 as parent interface - vlan0.5.20 and add it to a bridge1, this will make igc5 a trunk port for vlan 10 and vlan 20.
And that is without native network at all, as no interfaces configured to it.


As you can see both networks are connected on my laptop through one eth adapter through vlans.

And for hybrid port: vlan 10 untagged, vlan 20 tagged we'll need a following state: Bridge0 members: ... ... igc5, Bridge1: ... ... vlan0.5.20.

Text above is based on my experiments with my box and Pop_Os machine. Firewall rules for inter-vlan communication is out of the scope of this topic.

4

General Discussion / [VLANs] Network segmentation with 6-port OPNsense box and no switch

« on: July 27, 2024, 12:47:52 pm »

Greetings. I'm a newbie in networking trying to set up my network with segmentation in mind. Guides, that I've checked, are all about ROaS concept, which implies having a managed L2 switch (which I don't, and have no option to buy one atm). I am aware that OPNsense is a router, not a switch and doing it comes with performance penalty, but with no money one has to improvise. So I did my research, read the docs and that's what I've come up with. It is probably wrong, and I have some questions, so I need your help.

TL/DR: Some broke guy tries to do some VLANs and switching with OPNsense and learn some networking.


Here is a network diagram of a desired state (sanitized):

No IPv6 at all.

And that is how it all connects (feel free to ask if something isn't clear) :

(Click for large version, it doesn't fit in the post)

Note: vlan interfaces placed under their parents. I've followed this: "Physical --> LAGG--> VLAN --> Bridge".
Interfaces igc2, lagg0, igc5 are not assigned (see question  1)

igc0 - WAN
igc1 - Access port (vlan 20)
igc2 - Trunk port (vlans 10, 20, 30) for AP
igc3 + igc4 = LAGG Trunk port (vlans 10, 100, 200) for Proxmox Server
igc5 = Access port (vlan 10)

Now to the questions:
1) I don't understand which interfaces should just be created, which should be assigned (but not enabled), and which should be enabled with no config (IPv4 Configuration Type = None)? Only thing I know for sure is that static IP and DHCP should be configured on the last interface in the chain (Physical -> LAGG -> VLAN -> Bridge).

2) Which is the right way to create access ports? As in igc1, where the interface itself is added to bridge with corresponding vlan? Or like igc5, where vlan-subinterface is created and added to the bridge?

3) Native network. I've read that it is good security practice to avoid using vlan 1 for data transfer, but it might stay on the network for system-lvl communications between network devices (discovery protocols etc.). I don't really understand where vlan 1 is in my setup. I believe it is disabled since no nets are configured on igcX interfaces, am I right?

4) (minor) Can these interfaces be hidden from menu, since they are not configured (subnets are configured on the bridges)? Same goes for Firewall > Rules section.

Code: [Select]

net.link.bridge.pfil_bridge = 1
net.link.bridge.pfil_member = 0
I've changed these tunables to disable filtering of individual bridge members and filter the bridge instead.



So, that's where I'm stuck and appreciate some help.

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Tutorials and FAQs / Re: How to enable automatic microcode updates

« on: July 15, 2024, 11:33:27 am »

I'm totally new to opnsense and having trouble with step 2.

a)
b)

Which is the right way to do it? I don't understand how to point the values "cpu_microcode_load="YES"" and "cpu_microcode_name="/boot/firmware/intel-ucode.bin"" to "/boot/loader.conf" specifically. Just dont want to mess things up.

I'd appreciate some guidance.