I think I've resolved the issue now after a couple of hours going in circles, though I still don't fully understand it. I also have no idea when the issue started as all other sites appeared to work fine and it's the first time that I've tried to access this specific site.
I went through all settings in the Firewall, purely out of curiosity and I found a setting that wasn't set to it's default state.
Under Firewall: Settings: Advanced I found Anti DDOS -> Enable syncookies was set to "always" instead of "never (default)". I can't see why that would have been changed by me, only possible explanation is that it's next to the Save button and I've somehow clicked on the dropdown and changed it without realizing.
Either way the website now appears to be accessible on the LAN interface.
I went through all settings in the Firewall, purely out of curiosity and I found a setting that wasn't set to it's default state.
Under Firewall: Settings: Advanced I found Anti DDOS -> Enable syncookies was set to "always" instead of "never (default)". I can't see why that would have been changed by me, only possible explanation is that it's next to the Save button and I've somehow clicked on the dropdown and changed it without realizing.
Either way the website now appears to be accessible on the LAN interface.