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This was most enlightening. I entered this with some assumptions from Linux, which are incorrect here. I have read more about the boot and update processes on other threads now that I understand that my assumptions were wrong, and it all makes so much more sense.

Thank you very much for both your time and patience.

This is most interesting. I had no idea it was this easy in OPNsense. Thank you.
But you were right in your assumption. The box is currently running in full operation. I am just waiting for the spare disk to arrive (an oversight on my part).

I have not explained myself clearly. You have fully answered my original question. What I was curious about in my second question is how the updates to boot/EFI partitions are handled if they are not in a RAID.

In my experience in Linux, if the contents of the EFI partition changed, I had to copy over the changes manually or set up a RAID over them.

The dd command is not optimal for this (in Linux) because it copies over the UUIDs, which creates a mess down the line.

Is this different in OPNsense/FreeBSD? Do the contents of the EFI partition not change? Or is there some script which automates the process of syncing changes during an update? Or does OPNsense not use UUIDs to identify disks?

Thank you for your fast reply.
So, I was correct in assuming that dd is enough.
The swap is probably irrelevant in my case, but I might look into it.
If you have the time, would you be so kind as to explain how this is enough for the OPNsense to update EFI and boot partitions on both disks in case of a bootloader update?
And does not dd also copy UUIDs, which results in a mess? Does dd even copy over UUIDs? Admittedly, I am used to Linux, so I might not pick up on the slight differences between Linux and Unix.

Hello.
I have a RAID 1 setup running on ZFS, and one of the disks died this morning.
How do I rebuild the RAID?
I do know how to rebuild ZFS raid. What I'm more interested in is what to do with other partitions.
I seem to have EFI, boot and swap partitions.
gmirror does not show any output.
Output of gpart show:

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gpart show
=>       40  351651808  ada0  GPT  (168G)
         40     532480     1  efi  (260M)
     532520       1024     2  freebsd-boot  (512K)
     533544        984        - free -  (492K)
     534528   16777216     3  freebsd-swap  (8.0G)
   17311744  334340096     4  freebsd-zfs  (159G)
  351651840          8        - free -  (4.0K)

I'm thinking about restoring partitions with

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gpart backup /dev/ada0 | gpart restore -F /dev/ada1
and then dd-ing the contents.
Will it work? I believe it will copy over UUIDs as well, which might pose a problem.
I would appreciate it if the resulting setup also had data consistency over updates.
What are the correct steps here?

Thanks!