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For anyone finding this via Google, I had one server still acting up. I ended up doing a reset with opnsense-bootstrap found here:
https://github.com/opnsense/update#opnsense-bootstrap

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# pkg install ca_root_nss
# fetch https://raw.githubusercontent.com/opnsense/update/master/src/bootstrap/opnsense-bootstrap.sh.in
# sh ./opnsense-bootstrap.sh.in -r 22.7

After reinstalling a few plugins and rebooting again everything worked well. Make sure to backup your configs regularly.

This is still bothering me, something else is going on I can't put my finger on. My home router has gateway switching enabled, and works. I can confirm that turning gateway switching off on the affected instances does allow the update process to function again though.  My home router has much more going on compared to my other instances.

I'll try to find some time to look at this more.

Disabling gateway switching worked for me.

See my post in another thread here: https://forum.opnsense.org/index.php?topic=29776.msg143957#msg143957

[Settings]

TLDR: Disable Settings -> General -> Gateway switching (reboot might be necessary)

I ran into this too. Thankfully I have a few OPNsense instances I use as backup backdoor management VPN servers at various data centers. These are extremely basic, SHTF OOB VPN only. Two upgraded just fine all the way to 22.7.1, the others appeared to break at 22.7_4.

The updater output:

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***GOT REQUEST TO CHECK FOR UPDATES***
Currently running OPNsense 22.7_4 (amd64/OpenSSL) at Thu Aug 11 07:41:13 CDT 2022
Fetching changelog information, please wait... fetch: transfer timed out
Updating OPNsense repository catalogue...
pkg: https://pkg.opnsense.org/FreeBSD:13:amd64/22.7/latest/meta.txz: Operation timed out
repository OPNsense has no meta file, using default settings
pkg: https://pkg.opnsense.org/FreeBSD:13:amd64/22.7/latest/packagesite.pkg: Operation timed out
pkg: https://pkg.opnsense.org/FreeBSD:13:amd64/22.7/latest/packagesite.txz: Operation timed out
Unable to update repository OPNsense
Error updating repositories!
pkg: Repository OPNsense cannot be opened. 'pkg update' required
Checking integrity... done (0 conflicting)
Your packages are up to date.
***DONE***

At first, I thought this was a mirror or DNS problem. However, switching mirrors didn't help, and my DNS servers checked out.

After fiddling around with the few settings that were different for each environment I found disabling Settings -> General -> Gateway switching allowed the package updater to work again. One instance did need a reboot though.

The ones that didn't work either had a dual wan capability or were OVA copies of instances that had dual WAN.

As for why that change works, I can't say. I have my own monkeys to manage and fires to put out. I can say that turning it back on after an update to 22.7.1 appears to break it again. If someone needs data from me just let me know.