Based on the panic message and FreeBSD version, here are likely causes:
Known Bug in IPv6 Fragmentation Handling
The frag6_slowtimo() function has caused panics in older FreeBSD versions.
It manages stale IPv6 fragments and is run periodically by the system clock.
Outdated FreeBSD Kernel
Your system is running FreeBSD 12.1-p21, which is from 2021 and no longer maintained.
Dozens of bug fixes and security updates have been released since.
Problematic NIC Drivers or Hardware Offloading
Certain Realtek or even Intel NICs have known issues with hardware offloading and older kernels.
The panic could be related to offload features such as TSO/LRO.
Misconfigured or Unused IPv6
If IPv6 is enabled but improperly routed or unused, it can trigger unexpected behavior.
Especially common in dual-stack setups or WANs with no native IPv6 routing.
Known Bug in IPv6 Fragmentation Handling
The frag6_slowtimo() function has caused panics in older FreeBSD versions.
It manages stale IPv6 fragments and is run periodically by the system clock.
Outdated FreeBSD Kernel
Your system is running FreeBSD 12.1-p21, which is from 2021 and no longer maintained.
Dozens of bug fixes and security updates have been released since.
Problematic NIC Drivers or Hardware Offloading
Certain Realtek or even Intel NICs have known issues with hardware offloading and older kernels.
The panic could be related to offload features such as TSO/LRO.
Misconfigured or Unused IPv6
If IPv6 is enabled but improperly routed or unused, it can trigger unexpected behavior.
Especially common in dual-stack setups or WANs with no native IPv6 routing.
QuoteKey Details from the Crash:
Trap number = 12 → This indicates a Page Fault (access to an invalid or unauthorized memory address).
Panic Cause: frag6_slowtimo()
This is part of the IPv6 fragmentation timeout handling in FreeBSD.
Function Chain:
frag6_slowtimo()
softclock_call_cc()
calltrap()
FreeBSD Version: 12.1-RELEASE-p21-HBSD
Date/Build: Dec 13, 2021 — very outdated